OEE for your machines.FEE for your handoffs.

You measure every machine, every second. Are you measuring your handoffs?

Frontline Execution Effectiveness (FEE) measures how fast, and how well, your frontline acts on what machines and people detect. It times every handoff, shows where execution leaks, and rolls it into one score from 0 to 100%. It is the part of OEE nobody measures.

Free Margin Walkthrough on your site, or start with the report
A technician in a hard hat and ear defenders inspecting equipment
Your handoffs
FEE ?/ 100
Handoffs between 8 teams
Work order waiting 14:32:07
Usually not measured
An industrial pump and motor in front of a refinery
Your machines
OEE 84.2%
Every asset, every second
Measured live by DCS, MES and APM
vs
Start with the paradox

Twenty years of investment in technology. Industrial productivity has not moved.

The Industrial Productivity Index tracked by LNS Research stood at 1.12 in 2004 and at 1.07 in 2025. Plants are better informed than ever. They are not more productive.

2000sSystems of recordWe captured what happened.
2010sSystems of insightWe understood what happened.
2020sIndustrial AIWe can see what is about to happen.
Still missingActing on itStill runs on radio calls, paper and memory.
0.900.951.001.051.101.151.2020052010201520202025 1.121.141.040.970.961.151.07
Industrial Productivity Index (LNS Research) Technology and AI investment (illustrative trend) Source: Industrial Productivity Index™, LNS Research, reproduced with credit. The investment line shows the direction of spend and is illustrative, not LNS data.
Now look at your own plant

You tried everything. Your OEE barely moved.

TPM. APM. Predictive maintenance. A new MES. The dashboards got smarter. The number on the wall stayed flat.

OEE improvement roadmap
InitiativesTimelineResults
InitiativeProgressStatus
TPM programDone
APM rolloutDone
Predictive maintenanceDone
MES upgradeDone
Plant OEEStuck
Every project done. OEE still flat.
OEE
=
Availabilityhow fast work gets fixed
×
Performancehow well lines are run
×
Qualityhow closely procedures are followed

Every term in OEE is decided by people.

Seeing was never the bottleneck. Acting is. Plants measure the machine with OEE. Nobody measures the response. That is why we created FEE: Frontline Execution Effectiveness. What is FEE? ↓

You optimized for process systems.You optimized for asset signals.Not for people.

Every signal from your systems lands on a person. Nobody measured how fast they can act on it.

Signals from your systems
Actions by frontline crews
PROCESS SYSTEMS ASSET SYSTEMS FROM PROCESS SYSTEMS FROM ASSET SIGNALS People: frontline execution never designed, never measured
What is FEE

FEE measures how fast, and how well, your frontline acts on what machines and people detect.

Every day a plant detects problems: a machine alert, a predictive warning, a preventive task coming due, something an operator spots. For each one, FEE asks two simple questions.

LatencyDid we fix it in time?
ResolutionDid it stay fixed?
FEE = average of ( Latency × Resolution )
across every valid problem detected, including the ones still open

The question every leader can askOf every 100 problems we detect, how much value do we capture before it ages out?

The same idea as OEE
FEE
Frontline Execution Effectiveness: the response
MeasuresThe response to every problem detected
Made ofLatency × Resolution
AsksHow fast and how well did we act?
Score0 to 100%
TodayRarely measured
OEE
Overall Equipment Effectiveness: the machine
MeasuresPumps, motors, mills, lines
Made ofAvailability × Performance × Quality
AsksHow well did the equipment run?
Score0 to 100%
TodayMeasured every second
How we measure FEE

Two scores for every problem. One number for the plant.

The clock starts the moment a problem is detected, from any source. It stops when the fix is verified, not when the work order is closed.

LatencyHow fast did we close the loop, compared with how fast we had to?
Latency = 1 − ( time to verified closure ÷ closure window )
6 h
92%Latency score

Closed in 6 hours. 92% of the window was kept.

  • The window is set at detection, by how critical the equipment is and how it fails. Safety items get the tightest.
  • Open when the window runs out? It scores 0%. Old problems cannot hide.
ResolutionDid the problem stay solved?
Resolution = 100% if the fix held 90 days, 0% if not
Leak repairedNo repeat in 90 days
✓
100%
Bearing replacedVibration back on day 40
✕
0%
Root cause fixedLube interval corrected, standard work updated
✓
100%
  • A fast fix that comes back scores 0%. Speed alone cannot buy a score.
  • Repeats go through root cause analysis. They count only when the cause is fixed and the problem stays gone.

How the two combine

Fix heldProblem came back
Fixed fastHigh scoreThis is the goal.0%Speed cannot buy a score.
Fixed slowlyLow scoreFixed, but the window was spent.0%Late, and it came back.
Putting it together

Four problems, one score.

One plant, a 72-hour window each. Every fix held for 90 days, so the score comes down to Latency.

Vibration alertPredictive
Closed in 6 hours
92%
Leak reported by an operatorOperator
Closed in 48 hours
33%
Thermography findingCondition monitoring
2 months, past its window
0%
Corrosion flagCondition monitoring
Still open at 40 days
0%
FEE for these four (92 + 33 + 0 + 0) ÷ 431%
Then find the leak

Every problem passes through four handoffs. Most of the time is lost between deciding and being ready.

6.4 days from detection to verified fix at the median plant. About 10 hours of it is work.

Handoff 1Detect → DecideSits unseen or waiting for triage1.0 day · 16%
Handoff 2Decide → ReadyWaiting on parts (2.2 d), a permit (1.2 d) or line release (1.1 d)4.5 days · 70%
Handoff 3Ready → ExecuteThe job starts late or runs long0.4 day · 6%
Handoff 4Execute → VerifyClosing and confirming lags the work0.5 day · 8%

Median across the FEE Benchmark 2026. Every wait gets a one-tap reason, so the report shows not just how long, but why.

Where the hours go

Two clocks run between the alarm and the fix.

The plant knows Alarm, alert, notification Someone owns the plan Planned, scheduled, assigned The work is done Asset back in service Decision latency 0 h Execution latency 0 h Respond closes this clock Maintain closes this clock
The plant knowsAlarm, alert, notification
Decision latency26 h
Waiting inInboxesDashboardsMeetings
Respond closes this clock
Someone owns the planPlanned, scheduled, assigned
Execution latency46 h
Waiting onPartsPermitsThe radio
Maintain closes this clock
The work is doneAsset back in service
Illustrative plant: 26 h deciding + 46 h doing = 72 h from insight to action.FEE times both clocks.
Are you measuring your handoffs?

One pump. Eight teams. Seven handshakes before the work is done.

Each handshake is a place where work waits. Switch scenarios to see the difference.

Handoff delays Lost hours Lower OEE Lost margin
The hard question

Every plant feels the waiting. No plant measures it.

Latency, handoff delays, waiting on parts and permits. Everyone knows they're there. So why has no company in the world been able to measure them?

What your systems record ERP and EAM Work order createdMon 08:40 Work order closedThu 09:10 Nothing recorded in between What actually happened On the floor 14 h: planner 18 h: part 14 h: permit Alarm, radio call Plan, phone call Part kitted Work done Closed Your systems record transactions. The hours are lost between them, on radios, paper and phone calls, where nobody keeps the clock.

What your systems record

ERP and EAM
  • Work order createdMon 08:40
  • Nothing recorded in between
  • Work order closedThu 09:10

What actually happened

On the floor
  • Alarm, radio call
  • 14 h waiting on a planner
  • Plan, phone call
  • 18 h waiting on a part
  • Part kitted
  • 14 h waiting on a permit
  • Work done, closed

Your systems record transactions. The hours are lost between them, on radios, paper and phone calls, where nobody keeps the clock.

✕

Why it stayed invisible

  1. Handoffs aren't transactions. Systems of record log when work starts and ends, not the waiting in between.
  2. The frontline runs on radios, paper and phone calls. No timestamps, no trail.
  3. Every team has its own KPI. Nobody owns the gap between teams.
  4. Tools were built for the desk. Data lands hours later, if it lands at all.
✓

What's different now

  1. Every worker carries a mobile device. Every action is timestamped where it happens.
  2. Signal and record can be connected. APM, DCS, SAP and IBM Maximo on one thread, from alarm to closure.
  3. AI can read across the events. It shows where work is waiting, while it is still waiting.
  4. Daily management makes it a habit. One number, reviewed every shift, owned every day.
A modern, brightly lit manufacturing floor with production lines
Measure it, then move it

One job, seven handoffs, timed.

Scheduler to storeroom18 h waiting on a part
Permit back to technician14 h waiting on a signature

Follow one pump job from operations to reliability. Switch to see the same plant on one clock.

72 h from insight to action

What 31 and 86 mean: FEE scores for one illustrative plant. Same site, same people, same SAP. The only change is seven teams working on one clock.

The reliability engineer never turns the wrench. The crew does.

Great alerts don't fix pumps. Eight teams on one clock do.

On the shiftThe APM alert
In FEE termsThe insight
On the shiftThe tier-1 huddle
In FEE termsThe plan
On the shiftParts, permit, shift handover
In FEE termsThe handoffs
On the shiftThe shift clock
In FEE termsFEE
The handoffs

Losses live between teams, not machines.

The people

Technology doesn't close the gap. Adoption does.

The margin

Close both clocks and the money follows.

How Innovapptive does it

One connected plant. One clock.

Innovapptive closes the insight-to-action gap. Every role works on one platform, a single pane of glass, so handoffs stop waiting and OEE finally moves.

Every team, every system and every outcome on one platform. Pick a step to see each part.

InnovapptiveConnected worker platform with built-in daily management
Every team, one platform
IT: systems of record
  • ERPSAP S/4HANA, ECC
  • EAM / CMMSSAP PM, IBM Maximo
  • Inventory and MROParts and stores
OT: systems of insight
  • DCS and historianProcess data
  • APMAsset health, predictive
  • IoT sensorsVibration, temperature
Outcomes, measured
FEEOEEMargin
Every role on one platform No latency in handoffs or waiting Better processes and assets OEE improves
Why Innovapptive

You can only time a handoff if both sides are on the same platform.

Point solutions can time a step. Measuring FEE takes every role, every flow and every system on one clock. That's what Innovapptive built.

01

Every role, end to end

Operations, maintenance, planning, storeroom, EHS and reliability on one connected worker platform. Not a point solution per team.

02

Daily management built in

Tiered huddles, SQDC boards and escalation in the same platform, so the number gets acted on, not just reported.

03

Connected to your systems

Works with SAP and IBM Maximo as your systems of record, and with the APM and OT signals your plant already has.

04

Already measuring it

FEE is measured in the platform today, right next to OEE. Not a roadmap item.

How Innovapptive moves FEE

Respond quickly.Maintain effectively.Improve continuously.

Innovapptive's connected worker platform, with its built-in daily management system, puts every team on one clock. One closed loop, connected to every workflow in your plant.

Explore the Daily Management System
Two workers in hard hats reviewing Innovapptive's daily management SQDC board on a plant-floor screen
Smart TriggerHigh vibration, Pump P-101
JO
Assigned to J. OrtizDue 10:00, Safety
Escalated to Tier 2Overdue 2h, evidence attached
Respond quicklyEvery signal routed to an owner. Cuts decision latency.
Maintain effectivelyWork, permits and crews coordinated on one platform. Cuts execution latency.
Improve continuouslyTiered daily reviews keep the score moving, shift after shift.
1 queuefor every signal
Tiers 1 to 3escalation built in
SQDCboards, live
Live OEEnext to FEE
Attendees and speakers at a previous Connected Worker Manufacturing summit
Where FEE debuts

The Connected Worker Manufacturing Summit, Chicago

Keynote panel: The System of Execution, Unlocking TPM and Margin Expansion.

Tuesday, October 13 Chicago Visit us at Booth 30
SR
Sundeep RavandeFounder and CEO, Innovapptive. Moderator
RT
Rebecca Teeters, 3MPresident, Chemical Operations
NT
Natalie Thompson, bpVP, Reliability and Maintenance
JG
Jim Graves, Indorama VenturesHead of Digital Manufacturing
New: FEE Benchmark Report 2026

How do you compare with other manufacturers?

A short, practical read on how manufacturers measure frontline execution, where their handoffs leak most, and what moved their OEE.

  • Where the hours go between the alarm and the fix
  • The handoffs that cost manufacturers the most
  • How FEE moves with OEE and margin

Prefer a guided tour? Book a 30-minute report review with our team.

Find your plant's FEE.

Book a free Margin Walkthrough. We time your handoffs on site and show you where the hours, and the margin, go.

1Follow real jobs across your teams
2Time decision and execution latency
3Get your FEE score and the margin on the table
Book a Margin Walkthrough

No cost. Your site, your data, your handoffs.